Vague Disclosure Standard Creates Business Liability

This provision defines information as "public" when it is "published by whatever means" and "becomes known by one or more persons"—an extremely low threshold that triggers enforcement under the Act. Combined with the preceding provisions' broad categories of protected confidential information (52, 53), this creates severe compliance uncertainty for businesses. Media organizations reporting on government economic plans, platforms hosting discussions about Cabinet decisions, or startups analyzing government data all face potential enforcement action. The provision does not distinguish between intentional publication vs. accidental leaks, public interest disclosures vs. violations, or commercial speech vs. protected reporting, creating a compliance minefield that deters investment in information-related sectors and enables strategic litigation against businesses.