Universal Liability Without Speaker Protections

This provision establishes blanket liability for hate speech and indecent expressions that applies equally to all persons—journalists, academics, activists, and ordinary citizens—without distinguishing between professional contexts, speaker roles, or levels of culpability. Combined with 42's low threshold for indecent expressions (statements that "may reasonably provoke violence"), this creates severe chilling effects on legitimate speech. While 44 references professional guidelines as "instructive," these are non-binding and do not establish clear defenses or safe harbors for journalists following ethical standards or academics engaged in scholarly debate.