Extraterritorial Hate Speech Regulation

This provision allows Ghana to prosecute hate speech made anywhere in the world by anyone—regardless of nationality or connection to Ghana—as long as it targets a Ghanaian citizen (subsection 6). This exceeds international norms for extraterritorial jurisdiction and creates a chilling effect on global speech about Ghanaian affairs. Foreign journalists, activists, and commentators discussing sensitive topics could face prosecution under Ghana's broad hate speech definition (37), even if their speech is lawful where they are located. Unlike other violations, the hate speech provision has no residency threshold and cannot be cured through the correction/retraction defenses available under 35, leaving foreign speakers without meaningful safeguards.