Arbitrary Data Designation Kills Investment

The Minister can unilaterally declare any class of information "critical" based on undefined criteria like "economic and social well-being" - potentially capturing transaction data, customer analytics, logistics information, or any business database. Unlike 48 which specifies concrete categories (banking, utilities), this provision provides no limiting principles or business consultation rights. Once designated, 51 imposes registration and compliance obligations. Businesses cannot plan investments or operations when core data assets may be declared critical at any time without notice, appeal, or parliamentary oversight - creating regulatory uncertainty that deters both domestic and foreign investment in Ghana's digital economy.