Mandatory Government Infrastructure Monitoring

This provision requires all .gh domains to be monitored by a government-controlled DNS Security Operations Centre that tracks "domain resolutions, traffic, and logs." Combined with the mandatory .gh domain requirement in 19, this forces all legally registered businesses to route their digital operations through government infrastructure with broad monitoring capabilities. This eliminates market choice in infrastructure providers, creates business confidentiality risks (as proprietary communications and customer data flows are subject to government observation), and imposes compliance costs particularly burdensome for SMEs. The provision lacks safeguards for trade secrets or competitive information, creating a competitive disadvantage for Ghana-based businesses versus international competitors and deterring foreign investment in Ghana's digital economy.