Mandatory Licensing Creates Market Barriers

This provision establishes mandatory licensing for cybersecurity service providers and accreditation requirements for professionals (items k, l, o, p), creating significant barriers to market entry and ongoing compliance costs. Combined with penalties of 50,000-100,000 penalty units for operating without licenses (15), this extends professional regulation beyond what is typical in democracies—where licensing is reserved for professions with direct public safety implications. The catch-all clause "(p) any other matter required for ensuring cybersecurity" allows indefinite expansion of regulatory requirements without parliamentary oversight, creating legal uncertainty for business planning and disproportionately affecting small businesses and startups.