Criminalizing "False Information" Threatens Speech

Subsection (6) criminalizes spreading "false or misleading information with the intent to deceive or manipulate a person or a fact" with penalties of 1-3 years imprisonment. This extraordinarily broad language could capture satire, political commentary, journalism, academic debate, and opinion—all protected speech categories under international human rights law. The phrase "manipulate a person or a fact" is dangerously vague, potentially criminalizing persuasion or advocacy. Combined with vague definitions of "offensive," "rude," and "insulting" messages in the cyberbullying definition, this provision creates severe chilling effects on legitimate expression while granting authorities wide discretion to determine what constitutes prohibited speech.